The United States Congress, as the highest federal legislative body of the country, is one of the oldest and most influential parliaments in the world. Its activities, based on the principles of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances, have a direct impact not only on the internal politics of the United States but also on global processes. The institutional structure and procedures of Congress reflect the founders' desire to create a balanced system that excludes the usurpation of power. Two-chamber structure: House of Representatives and Senate The Congress consists of two equal chambers — the House of Representatives and the Senate, each with unique powers and roles. The House of Representatives, often referred to as the lower chamber, is formed on the basis of proportional representation from the states' populations. Its members, totaling 435 people, are elected for a two-year term, ensuring a constant close connection with the electorate's sentiments. The Senate, or the upper chamber, is based on equal representation — two senators are elected from each state, regardless of its population size. Senators serve a six-year term, with one-third of the composition rotating every two years, aimed at ensuring stability and a more balanced approach to decision-making. Key powers and functions of the legislative authority The Constitution grants Congress a wide range of powers. The most important of these is the legislative function — the development and adoption of federal laws that are mandatory for enforcement throughout the country. The financial power of Congress is manifested in its exclusive right to establish federal taxes, adopt the budget, and allocate funds for government operations. The right to declare war, which serves as an important check on the president's powers as the supreme commander-in-chief, is of particular significance. The Senate has special privileges, such as the ratification of international treaties and the confirmation of ... Read more